6^th International Conference on Infection Diseases: Control and Prevention May 25-26, 2022 Vancouver, Canada

Biography:

Huang Wei Ling, born in Taiwan, raised and graduated in medicine in Brazil, specialist in infectious and parasitic diseases, a General Practitioner and Parenteral and Enteral Medical Nutrition Therapist. Once in charge of the Hospital Infection Control Service of the City of Franca’s General Hospital, she was responsible for the control of all prescribed antimicrobial medication and received an award for the best paper presented at the Brazilian Hospital Infection Control Congress in 1998. Since 1997, she works with the approach and treatment of all chronic diseases in a holistic way, with treatment guided through the teachings of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Hippocrates. Researcher in the University of São Paulo, in the Ophthalmology department from 2012 to 2013.Author of the theory Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five Elements Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine. Author of more than 100 publications about treatment of variety of diseases rebalancing the internal energy using Hippocrates thoughts.

Abstract:

Introduction: In 2016, an estimated 1.6 million deaths were directly caused by diabetes. Another 2.2 million deaths were attributable to high blood glucose in 2012. Scholars from the University of London, stated that 12% of infection-related deaths were attributable to diabetes. In Traditional Chinese Medicine the physiopathology of Diabetes is linked to Yin deficiency with Heat retention. Purpose: To demonstrate how diabetic patients have systemic energy imbalances, that may increase their chances of acquiring hospital infection.

Methods: Literature review and analysis of different studies linking diabetes with hospital infection both in ancient medical traditions and Western Medicine. Also, review of what have been observed and presented by the author in 27 years of practice, and several published studies.

Results: The energy imbalances leading to diabetes are part of the consequences of Heat formation. Heat formation is the same energy imbalance that can lead to the formation of the hospital infection, in an energy point of view.

Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that diabetic patients mostly when in taking high-concentrated medications have an increase tendency to develop hospital infection when admitted in the hospital, because the energy imbalances, leading to the diabetes are the same energy imbalances that ease the process of acquiring nosocomial infections.

Biography:

Basma is a regulatory affair specialist at the Egyptian Drug Authority. She is one of the top graduated pharmacist class 2016 excellent degree with honor and she is currently pursuing her master degree expected to graduate at December, 2022. She has worked as research assistant, published many papers and reviews and recently participated in a well known research project at Oslo university. She has also been awarded international awards and participated in international conferences as attendee and as a speaker in panelist discussions with many great feedbacks about her presentation and communication skills.

Abstract:

Scarce resources put a great burden on health systems to manage to provide professional health services and infection control without being tremendously affected by the lack of resources and to manage to put evidence-based medicine into real practice and minimizing practice gaps as much as possible, especially at a time of scarce resources. One of the challenging practices is patient prioritization, which is the process of ranking patient referrals based on specific criteria and in specific ways to ensure equitable and efficient distribution of available resources, fair management of waiting lists, and the achievement of safer and higher-quality health care.

There are significant gaps in translating evidence into routine clinical practice and translating evidence into practice can improve outcomes, quality of life, productivity and healthcare costs.

Several studies have investigated different patient prioritization tools, which are used to rank patient referrals based on different criteria. First, a literature review was conducted to investigate patient prioritization process, and then thematic analysis of the chosen papers was done to come up with two points: the first is the general theme of the working environment that may affect the prioritization process, and the second is how different components and factors can be mixed to produce the decision to prioritize a patient over another.

These points are very important for decision makers and clinicians and need to be discussed in an open international platform to review different clinical experiences and to try to address the gaps and find solutions towards better evidence-based practice which could be implemented in different clinical settings.

Biography:

Priyanka Patil is currently woking as Senior Infection Control Officer at Breach Candy Hospital Trust for past 8 years. MBA in Health Care Administration, MUHS and Certified Lean Six Sigma Black Belt, board Certified In Infection Control, CIC- APIC USA. Presented as a Speaker in Various National & International Conferences on Infection Control

Abstract:

Background:

Healthcare associated infections (HAI) are among the major complications of modern medical treatment. The most important HAIs related to invasive devices are central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) as well as related to invasive procedure which is called surgical site infections (SSI). These are associated with significant morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. This is a prospective study of the outcomes of introducing preventive strategies at different time intervals based on our surveillance and audits observations over a 10 year period to prevent infectious complications associated with invasive devices & procedures in our hospital.

Objective:

To identify Healthcare associated infections due to invasive devices & procedures. Analyse microbiological aetiology causing these HAIs. To implement Infection Control Guidelines and to assess its impact on preventing infectious complications associated with invasive devices & & procedures.

Methodology: This study was conducted from January 2012 to December 2021. We formulated an Infection Control Policy based on current standards with annual review to include protocols for care of invasive devices & procedures. Surveillance & annual audit plan was prepared to determine compliance to existing protocol. Regular and new joinee training was an integral part of this program. Prospective observational surveillance & audit data was captured by the Infection Control Team based on international recommendations. Laboratory diagnosis & calculation of HAIs rate was as per National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) USA surveillance system. Interventions were introduced after analysing the HAIs.

Results:

Over a period of 10 years, 466 device associated & procedure associated infections (DAIs) were identified among 400 patients with mortality 17% (77/466). With the interventions made over the last 10 years, the incidence of catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI) was reduced from 3.7/1000 device days to 3.2/1000 device days, incidence of catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) was reduced from 1.4/1000 device days to 0.3/1000 device days whereas incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) reduced from 3.4/1000 device days to 0.4 /1000 device days. Surgical site infections have increased from 0.33% to 0.58% which is within benchmark.

Discussion:

Amongst HAIs SSI was most common HAI identified followed by CLABSI, CAUTI and VAP. However the mortality was highest with VAP (50%) followed by CLABSI (28%), SSI (9%) & CAUTI (5%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common pathogen responsible for HAIs followed by Fungi.

Biography:

Dr. Shahryar Eghtesadi  received Bachelor degree in Nutrition Science and Food Chemistry 1975, from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran; MSPH degree in Nutrition, 1977, from Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran and PhD from University of  California at Davis(UCD), USA, in Nutrition (1985). He  served as Visiting Scientist in USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging (HNRCA), at Tufts University ,Boston, USA (1994-1995); Full professor of Tabriz, Iran and Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences and currently serves  as Professor of Azad University, Science & Research Branch . He  was the chairs of Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Biochemistry & Clinical Nutrition, Public Health Nutrition and Nutrition  in aforementioned Universities. Also Served as Associate Dean and Dean of  School of Public Health & Nutrition and School of Public Health of  Tabriz and Iran Universities of Medical Sciences respectively.He was selected as distinguished professor and Scientist in preceding  universities. For long and extended  period of time, experienced  teaching various courses in nutrition in undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate and  international Bureau  programs and directed  many projects and dissertations of MS and PhD programs and Published numerous peer reviewed articles in journals and also edited several books and finally served as Principal Investigator of World Bank Project for Capacity Building in Nutrition in Iran.

Abstract:

Green tea with possessing iron chelating properties can be useful in TB treatment and management. We studied the effect of green tea consumption on iron status and improving process of pulmonary tuberculosis treatment (accelerating the negative sputum smear, reducing the level of oxidative stress). Following the  approval  by  Ethics Committee for Human Studies of Golestan and Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences and also obtaining the written consent of patients , this double-blinded randomized clinical trial study, was conducted on patients with TB, who were assigned randomly to the intervention group (41 patients) receiving 500 mg catechin of green tea extract and the control group (39 subjects) receiving placebo for two months, since the beginning of  concomitant anti-TB treatment .  Sputum evaluation was carried out on three slides using the Ziehl Nelson method. At first, the demographic and dietary intake data  were obtained. . After obtaining 10 ml of venous blood, Hemoglobin (Hb), Transferrin, Ferritin, Total iron binding capacity (TIBC), Iron and Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Sputum samples were collected from the third week (every 10 days) and the reduction of microbial load was also tested until sputum smear became negative.Data were processed using independent and paired t-test, McNemar, Wilcoxon, Kaplan-Meier, Log-rank test and Cox regression model. P-value was taken significant as <0.05.Average daily energy intake of patients was 1518±431  kcal, distribution of which was as follow: carbohydrates (58%), protein (17%) and fat (22%).Vitamin D and Zinc intake of patients were less and iron intake was higher than the DRI. Weight changes in both groups of placebo and green tea had tendency of increase with a significant difference at two and six month follow ups (pË‚0.0001). However, there were no significant changes due to intervention compared to placebo. Sputum conversion time (days) was 52.5± 24.5 (median= 53 days) and 40.6 ± 22.5 (median= 29 days) in placebo and catechin groups, respectively. The proportion of patients in the green tea group based on criterion of ; the short duration of being negative sputum smear; was significantly higher than the placebo group (p=0.032). To measure the mean of iron status after intervention, ANCOVA test showed mean difference level (Pvalue) in both groups for Hb, iron, TIBC, transferrin and ferritin as of: 0.004, 0.56, 0.65, 0.38 and 0.16, respectively which means that increase of hemoglobin in the green tea group was significant compared with the placebo group. There was just a 9.2 nmol/ml difference between the two groups for MDA at the beginning of study, which was not statistically significant (p=0.078) whereas, it was increased to 24.8 nmol/ml after the intervention, indicating a significant difference (p<0.001). The decline value was estimated -45.45 ± 14.69 nmol/ml for catechin group and -19.91 ± 18.38 nmol/ml for placebo group. In conclusion Green tea can systematically reduce the inflammatory elements and oxidants (decrease of MDA as fatty acids oxidation indicator), and consequently, can improve the hematopoiesis and hemoglobin level. Therefore, localized inflammation and damage in the lung is reduced, and adjunct to antimicrobial therapy, accelerate sputum smear conversion, disease amelioration and treatment improvement. Finally, given the higher iron intake despite of lower micronutrients and macronutrients in diet of our patients, and considering the iron effect on mycobacterium survival and the incidence and exacerbation of inflammatory complications in patients, it seems that policy of mandatory flour fortification with iron, especially in provinces such as Golestan, must be viewed cautiously and its further implementation being revised meticulously. 

Biography:

Haileleuel Bisrat have completed his study at Addis Ababa Universit Department of Statistics with a minor in Computer science. He always strives for continued his excellence and hence currently He had an MSc degree of Integrative Health Science, from Kristiansand University, Sweden currently he is an expected graduate student in MSc student at Addis Ababa University Department of Clinical Trial.

Haileleuel had a lot of significant professional experiences in Data Management. He Developed several data collection tools and databases with different software to help his research organization. He also monitors more than 100 data collectors and data management groups, evaluates their performance weekly, and examines weekly reports. Apart from this, Haileleuel also have a strong educational background and extensive experience in different surveillance Data Analysis and Monitoring and evaluation.

Abstract:

Background: In most African countries where a legitimate vital registration system is lacking, physicians often review verbal autopsy (VA) data to determine the cause of death, while there are concerns about the routine practicality, accuracy, and reliability of this procedure. In Ethiopia where the burden of tuberculosis (TB) remains unacceptably high, reliable VA data are needed to guide intervention strategies. This study aimed to validate the InterVA model against the physician VA in tracking TB-related mortality in Ethiopia.

Methods: From a sample of deaths in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, VAs were conducted on TB-related mortality, physician- certifed verbal autopsy (PCVA) through multiple steps to ascertain the causes of death. InterVA model was used to interpret the causes of death. Estimates of TB-related deaths between physician reviews and the InterVA model were compared using Cohen’s Kappa (k), Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, sensitivity, and specifcity to compare agreement between PCVA and InterVA.

Results: A total of 8952 completed PCVA were used. The InterVA model had an optimal likelihood cut-of point sensitivity of 0.64 (95% CI: 59.0–69.0) and specifcity of 0.95 (95% CI: 94.9–95.8). The area under the ROC curve was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.78–0.81). The level of agreement between physician reviews and the InterVA model to identifying TB-related mortality was moderate (k= 0.59, 95% CI: 0.57–0.61).

Conclusion: The InterVA model is a viable alternative to physician review for tracking TB-related causes of death in Ethiopia. From a public health perspective, InterVA helps to analyze the underlying causes of TB-related deaths cost- efectively using routine survey data and translate to policies and strategies in resource-constrained countries.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, Mortality, Verbal autopsy, InterVA, Cause of death, Ethiopia