3^rd International Conference on Infection, Disease Control and Prevention June 25-26, 2018 Vancouver, Canada

Biography:

Vitalis Mwinyuri is a researcher whose interests span between public health promotion and rural development, with a special desire to promote empowerment through malaria control and prevention. He has considerable field experience in malaria control, specifically, on indoor residual spraying intervention. This ignited his passion to undertake further research in malaria prevention. As a young researcher, Vitalis is currently a PhD student at Flinders University, Australia where his research skills is undergoing considerable improvement.

Abstract:

Despite the implementation and good coverage of the WHO recommended malaria control program IRS, malaria continues to be a very serious public health challenge in upper west region compared to other regions of Ghana. We explored enablers and barriers of community uptake of this program in a highly malaria endemic region in Ghana. Between April and October, 2016 we conducted a qualitative inquiry, focus group discussion and semi-structured interviews with program stakeholders. Participants included community members, program operators and health system officials in upper western Ghana. 105 participants were involved in the study. Findings identified significant barriers to program uptake by communities including religious beliefs, superstition, and and fear of insecticides among others.  Enablers of program uptake by the communities included malaria prevention, efficacy of intervention, and incidental benefits. Program providers and health system officials detailed the following as a necessity to improve implementation: effective collaboration between stakeholders and the need to intensify public education. Despite challenges from both the program recipient and operator ends, IRS is an accepted intervention in the region. In order to improve the uptake and effective implementation, strategies to improve community uptake and streamline operations will be needed. These findings have policy and practice significance to improve community uptake and service operations of this novel public health intervention.

Biography:

Vincent T. Chow, MD, PhD, FRCPath completed his postgraduate studies at the National University of Singapore (NUS) and the University of London, UK. He is an Associate Professor of Microbiology and Principal Investigator of the Host And Pathogen Interactivity Laboratory, NUS. Dr Chow has published more than 250 papers in international journals, and has been awarded several research prizes and patents.

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Viruses are unable to replicate outside their hosts, and thus the transition time during which a virus leaves its host and infects the next susceptible host is critical for virus survival. Closely associated with hand, foot and mouth disease with occasional neurologic complications, enterovirus 71 (EV71) is stable in aqueous environments. However, its survival in the environment and interactions with bacteria are not well-established. On the other hand, Helicobacter pylori is a well-known and highly successful gut bacterial pathogen that infects 50% of individuals, with its capacity to form biofilms being linked with its transmission. We hypothesized that bacterial biofilm may play a significant role in the survival of EV71 in the external environment. In this study, we examined the interactions of EV71 with the biofilm of H. pylori. The results reveal that EV71 associated with H. pylori biofilm as observed under confocal and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the presence of biofilm prolonged viral viability as demonstrated by virus plaque assays. Interestingly, the viability of the virus was dependent on the quantity of H. pylori biofilm formation. Taken together, the ability of bacterial biofilm in extending EV71 viability for prolonged periods may partially contribute to EV71 outbreaks, and implies that the association of the virus with bacterial biofilm may serve as a potential pathway of EV71 transmission.

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Adeniyi M.O  completed his PhD in 2017 from Ladoke Akintola University of Technology. He is a Principal Lecturer at  Lagos State Polytechnic Ikorodu. He has published more than 16 papers in reputed journals. He is presently seeking postdoctoral studies opportunities to further increase his academic knowledge. 

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Malaria and Pneumonia are leading causes of serious illness in children and adults worldwide with their death rate and prevalence on the rise. Such alarming statistics may retard the milestones so far achieved in meeting the Millennium Development Goals 4 and 6 whose targets are to improve child survival and reverse the high prevalence of diseases such as pneumonia and malaria respectively. Two sub-models of malaria-pneumonia co-infection namely malaria model and pneumonia model were considered first and then followed by the full malaria-pneumonia co-infection model. The malaria model, pneumonia model and co-infection model basic reproduction numbers denoted by R_m,R_p and R_mp respectively was obtained using the Next Generation Matrix method. The model disease free equilibrium’s local and global stability was analysed using Descartes’ Rule of signs and Comparison method. The bifurcation analysis for the malaria, pneumonia and co-infection models was studied using the Centre Manifold Theory. The sensitivity indices of the model basic reproduction numbers R_m,R_p and R_mp  to the parameters in the models were calculated. Optimal control theory was applied using the Pontryagins’ Maximum Principle to investigate optimal strategies for controlling the spread of malaria, pneumonia and co-infection models using insecticide treated bed nets (u₁(t)), spraying of mosquitoes insecticides (u₂(t)), sanitation (u₃(t)), vaccination (u₄(t)), anti-malaria drugs (u₅(t)), anti-pneumonia drugs (u₆(t)), both anti-malaria drugs and anti-pneumonia drugs (u₇(t)) as the system time control variables.  Numerical simulations using a set of parameter values were provided to validate the analytical results.

Biography:

Raziel Vina S. Espino, MD has completed her Doctor of Medicine degree at the age of 23 years from University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center in the Philippines. She finished her Pediatric Residency Training at East Avenue Medical Center. 

Abstract:

Risk Factors of Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Among Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study: Determines the risk factors of pediatric patients diagnosed with MDR-TB. Conducted in a tertiary hospital in Quezon City and Health Centers from January 2011 to December 2016. A minimum cohort of 156 patients 0 – 18 years old, either bacteriologically – confirmed or clinically diagnosed tuberculosis were included in the study. Patients whose significant data of their charts went missing were excluded in the analysis. The following information were gathered a.) demographic profile: age, gender, nutritional status, socioeconomic status, district b.) clinical profile, history of exposure, results of laboratories, clinical presentation, delay in treatment, previous treatment with tuberculosis and outcome. 162 patients were analyzed, 12/162 had MDR – TB and 150/162 had Non MDR – TB. Results of univariate analysis showed that age and symptoms of weight loss, back pain, night sweats and fever had significant association with MDR TB. Of these factors, back pain (p=0.001; RR: 31.771; 95% CI: 3.801, 265.554) and fever (p=0.020; RR: 7.6587; 95% CI: 1.380, 42.494) were independent factors significantly related with MDR TB. Age, weight loss, back pain, night sweats and fever had significant association with MDR - TB. Larger sample population and a prospective study is recommended to assess the epidemiologic data and further identify other possible risk factors for resistance. 

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Upasana Acharya has completed her doctor of pharmacy (post baccalaureate) and B.sc. Pharmacy  from Kathmandu university, Nepal. She is the co-coordinator for antimicrobial stewardship program at Grande International Hospital for last two years. She is also involved in critical areas for optimizing the patient medication. Her emerging interest in research works has helped to publish one of her work and few are in pipelines.

Abstract:

Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) aims at optimizing antimicrobial selection, dosing, route, and duration of therapy to maximize clinical cure or prevention of infection while limiting the unintended consequences, such as the emergence of resistance, adverse drug events, and cost. While ASP is embraced by most hospitals in developed world that is not the case in most low resource countries. Grande International Hospital, a multi-specialty tertiary care center, is the only hospital in Nepal where this system is being implemented since last three years. Mobilizing the needed support from the hospital leadership, Clinicians, Pharmacists, Laboratory Personnel and Nursing staff, a system of taking an approval from the ASP Committee before using certain antimicrobials is in place. A comparative retrospective observational study was conducted to evaluate the impact of ASP throughout the hospital for restricted antimicrobials. The pattern of Antimicrobial usage data six months before (October 2013 to March, 2014) and after the commencement of ASP program (April to September 2014) was analyzed.The results showed that despite the increase in inpatient admission, the consumption of higher antibiotics was reduced. For example, following the commencement of ASP, the use of Vancomycin and Colistin was reduced by about 50 % and use of Amikacin and Gentamycin was reduced by about 30%. Beta lactamase inhibitor combination use also decreased by 7%. Antimicrobial stewardship program, if implemented effectively, helps control the inappropriate use of antibiotics in the hospital setting and thereby reducing the risk of emergence of drug resistant organisms, adverse drug effects and cost.

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Elizabeth De Nardo. joined GOJO Industries, Inc. in March 2008 as a Senior Scientist, conducting research projects in collaboration with experts in the areas of infection control, hand hygiene, Norovirus and Microbiome from different US Institutions. She holds a PhD in General Microbiology with expertise in Virology with more than 20 years of experience as a researcher acquired in previous jobs

Abstract:

Background: Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MRO) including Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE), Staphylococcus aureus and the new yeast Candida auris (MDRCA) are often passed from person to person by the contaminated hands of caregivers.

Hands become contaminated by contact with patients infected with MRO or contaminated surfaces. Cleaning hands with soap and water or use alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHR) are the main recommendation of WHO for preventing the spread of MRO in health care settings.  However, the efficacy of ABHR against MRO is not well documented Objectives: Determine the efficacy of different formulations of ABHRs (gel and foam) against different strains of MDRO such as VRE, MRSA, Klebsiella and the recent discovered multidrug-resistant yeast Candida auris.

Methods: Three ABHR ranging from 62% to 70% alcohol content in gel and foam format were evaluated using a 15 second in vitro Time-Kill (ASTM E 2315)  against several strains of S. aureus. In addition, two formulations of ABHR (gel and foam 70%) were tested against more than 40 strains of antibiotic susceptible and resistant bacteria. For C. auris a different formulation of ABHR was also included. Statistical comparison of log10 reductions (LR) was performed using the Fisher’s LSD Test (p<0.05).

Results: ABHR formulations gel or foam from 62-70% ethanol content, reduced all strains of bacteria antibiotic sensitive or resistant as well as C. auris tested by ≥ 6 log10 (≥ 99.9999%) in 15 seconds.

Conclusions: No differences in susceptibility to alcohol were shown by antibiotic resistant bacteria when compared to the sensitive strains. Alcohol 60% or higher showed the same level of efficacy. The emerging multidrug-resistant yeast Candida auris also showed complete susceptibility to the 3 formulations tested. These results support WHO recommendations for use of ABHR by healthcare personnel for preventing the spread of MRO

Biography:

Dr. Esther Paul has completed her M.B.B.S from the Christian Medical College Ludhiana, Baba Farid University, India and M.D Microbiology from Madras University, India. She has completed her  Masters in Public health from the University of Liverpool. Currently she is working as an Assistant professor in the Department of Microbiology King Khalid University, Abha Saudi Arabia. She has published a few papers on Brucella and Burkholderia. She recently presented a paper on Rota virus vaccine at the Vaccine congress, San Diego on September 2017. She is in the process of publishing papers on healthcare associated infections and infection control.

Abstract:

Healthcare workers are in close contact with high-risk inpatients and have the potential to transmit and disseminate healthcare-associated infections. Significant costs, advanced medical care, more extended hospital stay, usage of expensive and stronger antibiotics leading to antibiotic resistance are the adverse consequences of HAIs.The goal of the current study was to understand the perspectives of the healthcare workers on the current protocol and guidelines for HAI and infections control measures in the hospital, the effectiveness of the current protocol for HAI and infection control measures and ways of reducing the incidence of HAI and improve infection control measures.

Methodology: A qualitative research design was used to collect the data from 25 healthcare workers consisting of doctors and nurses, recruited by Snowball strategy via semi-structured interviews which were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim immediately. An interview guide comprising of open-ended questions about the existing HAI and infection control practices was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using the thematic analysis method.

Results Using thematic analysis four themes were identified.1.Knowledge of HAI and infection control 2. Infection control measures in practice 3. The gap in infection control measures and HAI 4. Required Implementations.

Conclusion: The study concluded that there is a need for better educational programs and hands-on training for all the healthcare personnel including the paramedical staff as well. The residents should have adequate knowledge of infection control practices to guide the nurses and should share the responsibility with the nurses in the practice of active infection control measures

Biography:

Elizabeth completed her Bachelor of Science in nursing degree in 2007. She is currently completing her Master of Science in nursing with a leadership concentration, scheduled to graduate this May 2018. She has been working full time as nurse in many different departments, such as outpatient surgery, spinal cord injury rehabilitation, and intensive care. She is currently the infection control officer for a single specialty ambulatory surgery center.

Abstract:

Surgical site infections (SSIs) and other healthcare acquired infections (HAIs) continuously contribute to longer lengths of stay, unnecessary deaths, and increased costs for healthcare organizations. This is an ongoing concern that is attributed to one simple task, hand hygiene. Poor hand hygiene adherence rates are common among healthcare workers. Utilizing nursing leadership and frequent monitoring was conducted in this study to assess the influence leadership has on staff hand hygiene adherence rates. A total of eight participants received education and compliance data from the previous year prior to the study and weekly reminders during the study. The nurse leader observed a total of 139 hand hygiene opportunities, monitoring this task weekly versus quarterly, and reported a 40% increase in adherence rates from the previous year. These results indicate that leadership has a significant influence on staff, along with an increased frequency of direct monitoring. Results of SSIs during the study were not available, but it was expected that a decrease in those rates would occur with an improvement in hand hygiene. 

Biography:

Yousefi received a doctoral degree from Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, at 1995. He served as the president of Medical Council of Nazarabad for three terms from 2004 to date. Dr. Yousefi has served as the Head of the board of directors of health care co – operative of Atyeh  Novin from 2012 to 2016.He has been a respected Occupational Health Practitioner and Technical Supervisor of Health Care Center for the past 15 years. Currently, Dr.Yousefi is the director of Markazi 24 hours Clinic of Nazarabad.

Abstract:

In today's world, due to the importance of occupational health and the prevention of such outbreaks, this group of diseases has been considered by the centers of decision making, and health care.

In some occupations, owing to the conditions of work, the type of activity, as well as the production or consumption of different substances, people are exposed to harmful biological agents and become infected with the disease. Among work-related infectious diseases, there is a group of infectious diseases caused by various occupational travels which is of particular importance to the general public since there are a lot of jobs which need travel. Special attention to the prevention and treatment of these diseases can reduce the risks and threats in various societies in this regard.

To achieve this significant goal, the identification of work-related infections attributed to travelling, the identification of biological agents, the conditions for the development of diseases, and the ways of prevention, transfer and new treatments are discussed in this study.

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Emily Acheson is currently a PhD candidate in Geography at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada in spatio-temporal modelling of Cryptococcus gattii, a medically-relevant fungus. For her Master’s at the University of Ottawa, she studied the geographical distributions of mosquitoes and tsetse flies transmitting malaria and sleeping sickness, respectively. Her research uses GIS methods to approach disease vector or pathogen distributions from a macroecological perspective. 

Abstract:

Why do infectious diseases emerge where they do? Climatic and land use changes are considered the two major factors, with increasing debate around which factor is more important. In Canada, a fungus called Cryptococcus gattii emerged on Vancouver Island in 1999 for unknown reasons, capable of causing a potentially fatal respiratory and neurological disease upon inhalation of its spores. The research project proposed here aims to investigate the environmental factors behind the emergence of C. gattii on Vancouver Island using geographic information systems and remote sensing. Environmental data (e.g. seasonal temperature, precipitation, etc.) at 30-m resolution for Vancouver Island were collected from the ClimateBC program for 1984-2012. Annual land cover and forest harvest data, as well as elevation, were also used. Georeferenced C. gattii occurrence records provided by the British Columbia Centre for Disease Control were used to determine the corresponding environmental data at their time of collection and in the years prior to isolation. This oral presentation will show the results of these analyses, focusing on common environmental traits of areas where C. gattii was isolated from the environment. How did these areas (i.e. grid cells) change in the 10-15 years prior to C. gattii’s isolation in that area?

Biography:

Joseph Effah-Acheampong is a public health researcher at a reputable non-governmental organization in Ghana. He holds a BSc in public health and currently pursuing a Master of Philosophy degree in Applied Epidemiology and Diseases Control at the School of Public Health , University of Ghana. With the rudiments in public health he has acquired , he has been involved in a lot of community health with much emphasis on infectious disease and control. He is currently the head of the public health unit of Anidaso Ghana ev. Mr Effah-Acheampong  holds a certificate in monitoring and evaluation which gives him the skills to effectively monitor and evaluate interventions which are been implemented at all levels of the disease prevention and control cycle.

Abstract:

Malaria, a preventable mosquito-borne disease, constitutes a major public health problem globally, particularly in Africa where it kills an estimated 394,680 people annually. In Ghana, Malaria accounts for 38.9% of all outpatient illnesses and 38.8% of admissions. Malaria is a priority disease under surveillance. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the surveillance system and assess the attributes and make appropriate recommendations.. We interviewed stakeholders and key informants using semi-structured questionnaires to understand the system operations. We reviewed and compared 2012-2016 malaria registers and reporting forms with existing data in the DHIMS 2. Using SPSS version 21, descriptive data analysis was done. CDC updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance system was used in assessing the attributes. Positive malaria cases declined from 50,504 in 2012 to 43,467 in 2013, continual increased to 56540 (47.1%) in 2016. Under 5 positive cases recorded, 2012 recorded 17,852 (35%), 2015 and 2016 recorded17,611(32.8%) and 18,475(32%) respectively. Age group, 1-4 have the highest positive malaria cases, with mean 5,919. Of 88,103 malaria cases treated in 2014, 38.1% (n=33532) were not tested, 13% (n=8739) of 67,295 cases treated were not tested in 2016. Reporting rate of malaria datasets was 97.5%, three (3) out of (30) facilities do not report cases. The system is flexible, sensitive and stable. Timeliness (86%), Completeness (20) and predictive positive value 53,567 (49%) were poor in 2015. The surveillance system is meeting its objectives. Improvement on data completeness and timeliness needs to be done. Suspected malaria should be tested before treatment and followed up. Rigorous supervision on proper documentation and timely reporting should be enforced in the Municipality.

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Mojdeh Hakemi Vala is working at Departmentof Microbiology, Medical school, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

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Abigail Serwaa Akoto Bawua, a PHD student at the University of Ghana, School of Public Health. Also, a lecturer at St. Margaret University College teaching biological and environmental health at the HealthCare Department. Her area of specialty is in Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health.   The ever-growing public health concerns which need to be addressed led to her enrolment into the PhD Public health programme.She first developed interest in this dream of saving the environment when she studied Bsc. Environmental Science to help mitigate the menace posed by the poor environmental management and its implications on public health. This inspired her to conduct various researches in the area of environmental health and infectious diseases to help improve the wellbeing of the public in her Country.

Abstract:

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a public health problem globally with youth disproportionately affected by the epidemic. Furthermore, high prevalence of STIs have been linked with mining communities in the literature. The combined effect of being young and resident in a mining community therefore increases the vulnerability of this population to STIs. It is against this background that the study seeks to ascertain the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of STIs among youth in the Obuasi mining community. Using a qualitative approach, five focus group discussions that recruited 52 participants aged 15-24 years were conducted. The main themes for the FGDs were knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes on STIs. Results from the study revealed that youth in the mining community had fair knowledge of STIs generally, however, this knowledge is limited and fraught with misconceptions such as, candidiasis is an example of STI, oral contraceptives can prevent STIs, and all STIs are viral infections. It was also found that condom use is a preferable STI prevention method for the youth, yet they do not have extensive knowledge about condom use. Moreover, stigma, shame and unavailability of testing and treatment centers at the community level are major barriers to youth sexual health improvement and STIs control generally. Since behavior change which is influenced by knowledge, attitudes and perceptions is vital to the fight against STIs among the youth, any future interventions for STIs should include or better still target increasing STI knowledge, and improving attitude of youth in mining communities.

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Amos Wung Buh is currently a doctoral student reading Population Health at the University of Ottawa, Canada. He is a service-oriented public health practitioner with six years background in clinical and teaching environments. Core competencies include clinical management of patients, computing and conducting research as well as excellent communication and time management skills. He is also competent in statistical data analysis softwares such as Epi Info and STATA. His research interests focus on issues concerning HIV, Tuberculosis and other infectious disease epidemiology and control especially in the context of developing countries; but he is also interested in global research, evaluation of health interventions, and under-taking systematic reviews. He holds an MPH degree.

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Background: Clients have explicit desires or requests for services when visiting hospitals; inadequate discovery of their needs may result in dissatisfaction.  Patient satisfaction influences retention in HIV care, adherence to HAART and serves as determinant to HIV suppression. This study’s objectives were to quantify clients’ satisfaction with HIV services in Bamenda and determine relationship between satisfaction and clients’ socio-demographic/structural characteristics.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on HIV-positive patients followed-up, on treatment and who consulted in the Bamenda Regional Hospital treatment centre between July and August 2014. Participants consent was sought and data collected on client’s level of satisfaction to staff-patient-communication, staff attitudes, privacy and confidentiality and staffing and amenities situations in the hospital. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire interviewer-administered by investigator and trained health personnel. Collected data was analyzed using Epi Info version 3.5.4 and clients’ satisfaction measured using frequencies and percentages.

Results: A total of 384 participants took part in this study and their median age was 37 years (IQR: 29-46). Two hundred and seventy-four (71.4%) participants were females. Overall satisfaction with HIV services was 91.2% and participants reported less satisfaction with overall staffing and amenities situation of the centre (3.6%). In the multivariate analysis, only being female, employed and perceiving high number of nurses working at the treatment centre remained significant predictors of overall satisfaction with HIV services.

Conclusion: A high proportion of participants expressed satisfaction with HIV services. However, some dissatisfaction is masked in this high satisfaction level. This dissatisfaction underscores need to improve staff attitudes, staff-patient-communication, employ more staff and build better patient facilities. Future studies need to focus on assessing long-term progression of satisfaction levels with services and determinants of satisfaction involving larger samples in many treatment centres.

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I am infection control nurse, expertise of infection and prevention control. I am currently work at Rajavithi hospital, Bangkok Thailand. I have experience in supervising, doing the project, consulting and research. Research and presentations include: 2013 Presented research “Effects of using video media on knowledge and health beliefs in prevention of tuberculosis transmission of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis.” presented “oral presentation of scholarship awardees papers” 13^th International congress of the international federation of infection control. Buenos Aires, Argentina. 2016- Presented research “Development of clinical nursing practice guidelines for sepsis patients presented “poster presentation papers” International sepsis forum 2016. Paris, France.

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Hospital-associated infections (HAIs) has an impact on patients, personnel and the hospital. This an interrupted time series design study aimed to assess the effect of using collaborative quality improvement (CQI) of infection prevention in tertiary care hospital. The samples were selected by purposive sampling from the patients, who were HAIs and admitted into 6 intensive care units (ICUs) and 36 general wards. Data were collected from May, 2017 to January, 2018. The study instruments were a surveillance form of HAI and impacts of HAI form developed by research. Data were analyzed using descriptive and multiple linear regression statistics. The results revealed that reduction in HAIs, from 35.7 % (1,219/3,417 patients) before implementing CQI to 27.6 % (994/3,608 patients) after implementing CQI at a 0.05 statistically significant levels. Indicated the highest infection rate was from ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) 5.6 per 1,000 ventilator-days, followed by catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) 3.1 per 1,000 catheter-days and central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) 1.9 per 1,000 catheter-days. Case fatality rate from VAP, CLABSI and CAUTI were 38.4%, 31.7% and 17.3%. Cost of antibiotic treatment for VAP, CAUTI and CLABSI were 91,153.45 USD, 74,342.72 USD and 20,114.27 USD, respectively. These finding imply that the concept of CQI could be applied to reduce incidence and preventive of HAIs. However, it is interesting to see if the results are sustainable and hospital still proceed with their work.

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Adeyemi Abati completed is Mbbs in 2004 at Obafemi Awolowo University teaching hospital ile –ife nigeria, He was trained at the department of Infectious diseases during is residency. he was able to provide several superior care and consultaion that resulted in overall improvement of department patient’ satisfation quotient. Adeyemi currently holds a certification from nigerian board of internal medicine for internal medicine ,hematology and infectious disease and also awarded the ward of the developing leader in medicine from nigerian medical association in 2010 for his excellent contribution in general treatment and towards the reduction of infectious disease in nigeria .

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AIMS: In nigeria, Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is primarily spread through injection drug use. There is an urgent need to improve access to care for HCV among persons with opioid use disorders who inject drugs. The purpose of our study was to determine the prevalence of HCV, patient characteristics, and receipt of appropriate care in a sample of patients treated with buprenorphine for their opioid use disorders in a primary care setting.

Methods: This study used retrospective clinical data from the electronic medical record. The study population included patients receiving buprenorphine in the office based opioid treatment (obot) clinic within the adult primary medicine clinic at lagos medical center between october 2008 and august 2015 who received a conclusive HCV antibody ab test within a year of clinic entry. We compared characteristics by HCV serostatus using pearson's chi-square and provided numbers/percentages receiving appropriate care.

Results: The sample comprised 300 patients. Slightly less than half of all patients (n = 134, 27.7%) were HCV ab positive, and were significantly more likely to be older hausas and yoruba’s, have diagnoses of post- traumatic stress disorder (ptsd) and bipolar disorder, have prior heroin or cocaine use, and be hi v- infected. Among the 134 HCV ab positive patients, 126 (67.7%) had detectable HCV ribonucleic acid (rna) indicating chronic HCV infection; only 8 patients (2.21%) with chronic HCV infection ever initiated treatment.

Conclusion: Nearly half of patients (47.7%) receiving office-based treatment with buprenorphine for their opioid use disorder had a positive Hepatitis C Virus antibody screening test , although initiation of HCV treatment was nearly non-existent (2.21%).

Biography:

Christiana Omowunmi Shobo obtained her Masters degree from the university of Kwazulu Natal, South Africa where she investigated the Antibiotic resistant profiles of Campylobacter spp. in the South African private health care sector and she passed with summa cum laude. Owing  to  her  love  for  research  she  is  currently  studying  towards  her  PhD  degree  in  Medical Microbiology.  Her  researh  interest  is  using  Next  Generation  Sequecing  (NGS)  in  combacting hospital acquired infection.

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In South Africa it is estimated that approximately 1 in 7 patients entering South African hospitals are at high risk of acquiring a hospital-acquired infection (HAI). Quantitative cross-sectional studies were performed in four public hospitals in the eThekwini district of KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa  from  September  to  November,  2017.  Focus  was  on  three  wards  viz.  intensive  care  unit, paediatric  ward  and  general  male  ward.  Within  each  ward  5  sites  were  swapped  viz.  drip  stand, patient files, patient bed, sink and ward reception. DNA was extracted using PureLink Microbiome DNA purification kit followed by amplification of the V3-V4 region of the 16S amplicon. Resulting PCR product was sequenced on an Illumina® MiSeq platform.

Metagenomic data analysis revealed distinct diversity in the microbial populations associated with various hospital sites investigated. Bacteria made up more than 85% of the DNA reads compared to viruses or unclassified kingdom levels. Proteobacteria followed by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes are the  top  phylums.  The class  mostly presented  is  Gammaproteobacteria,  Flavobacteria  and  Baccili. The    highest    frequency    of    bacteria    originated    from    the    order    Pseudomonadales    and Enterobacteriales.  The  common  families  found  was  Moraxellaceae  and  Enteriobacteriaceae.  As expected, Acinetobacter was found at genus level, but the variety of species was a surprise. Contact with contaminated surfaces in the health care setting attributes to  cross  infection. Variations was found  within  sites,  wards  and  between  hospitals.  The information  can  assist  IPC  officers  to  deal with  the  hospital  “microbiota”  and  a  guideline  to  ascertain  any  shifts  or  variation  in  bacteria composition